Advanced Intelligent Control of Cardiac Pacemaker Systems Using a Fuzzy PID Controller

This paper presents an advanced intelligent control for cardiac pacemaker systems using fuzzy proportional-integral derivative (FPID) controller. Under three different body states (rest, walking, and exercising), it offers good adaptation of the heart rate to the physiological needs of the patient. Based on dual-sensors, the combination of fuzzy logic and conventional PID control approaches is adopted for the controller design. Through comparing with the conventional fuzzy control algorithm, FPID provides a more suitable control strategy to determine a pacing rate in order to achieve a closer match between actual heart rate and a desired profile. Simulation results confirm that the proposed advanced design is effective for heartbeat recovery and maintenance for the three body conditions. This study will be helpful not only for treatment of cardiac diseases but also for improving the performance of implantable medical devices.